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Pesquisadores brasileiros recrutam 15 mil moradores de Ribeirão Preto para estudo de susceptibilidade para câncer, ou seja, para identificar maior ou menor risco de desenvolver a doença. O estudo integra o Programa Nacional de Apoio à Atenção Oncológica (Pronon) e é realizado pela Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (FMRP) da USP, pelo Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP (HCFMRP), pela Fundação de Amparo ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Assistência (Faepa) e pela Prefeitura Municipal de Ribeirão Preto.
“É necessário aprimorar os métodos de rastreamento do câncer diante do conhecimento recente que pessoas podem ter maior ou menor risco hereditário para desenvolver câncer. O rastreamento ainda é realizado praticamente do mesmo modo para todas as pessoas. Assim, indivíduos com maior risco de desenvolverem câncer podem não estar recebendo todo o investimento em prevenção necessário e aquelas com menor risco, mais do que o necessário”, explica Leandro Colli, que é professor da FMRP, médico oncologista e um dos coordenadores do projeto.
Os pesquisadores estão recrutando pacientes maiores de 18 anos que são acompanhados pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família no Distrito Oeste de Ribeirão Preto para coleta de sangue. Com o material, será feita a genotipagem do DNA para entender a soma dos fatores hereditários, que são chamados de escore poligênico. Dessa forma, a pesquisa poderá impactar na prevenção de precisão, ou seja, na prevenção específica para cada pessoa, de acordo com suas características genéticas.
“No futuro, esses escores permitirão identificar quem são as pessoas que precisam de rastreamento mais intenso para câncer e ao mesmo tempo pessoas que precisam de menos exames, o que terá grande impacto na racionalização dos recursos de saúde tanto públicos como privados”, conclui.
“Nós propomos utilizar os dados clínicos do excelente cuidado dos núcleos de saúde básica pareados com coleta de material para genotipagem. Ao final de três anos, teremos um grande banco de dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e moleculares para responder questões de oncologia e até de outras áreas”, conta o professor Dias.
Por Giovanna Grepi/Jornal da USP – Foto: Pixabay
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